they were the gingrich candidacy and his super pac and the santorum one. what it meant was that instead of wrapping thins up in february, romney waited, had all of these primaries where he was attacked and he ended up the primary season somewhat wounded because these republican super pacs had run really vicious ads against them and he was broke. now, if that hadn't happened, if we had not had super pacs romney would have raised money and the other candidates would not have. they raised millions themselves virtually. the millionaires and billionaires funded them. each of them had one billionaire that kept them in the race and if that hadn't happened they would have had no money to pay for gas in a car. they would have been out. >> you're saying the billionaires kept it going? >> absolutely. they kept them going for months in the way that the public never would have and they attacked, used the billionaire's money to attack romney. he had to spend his money to defend himself and raise a lot of money through his super pac to defend himself, but the result was